The Complete Guide to Engineered Wood Flooring

What is Engineered Wood?

Engineered wood is a type of wood flooring made by binding together a wood veneer (wear layer), a timber core, and a balancing layer using glue. Unlike solid wood that is cut from a single piece of timber, engineered wood is constructed in layers or panels. The typical construction consists of a core made from high-density wood products like plywood or High-Density Fibreboard (HDF), with a surface veneer layer of real hardwood.

The core provides dimensional stability and resistance to warping, while the hardwood veneer top layer gives the appearance and feel of natural solid wood. Different types of engineered wood flooring may use different core materials, adhesives, and surface veneers. This layered construction method allows engineered wood to be more stable, uniform, and resistant to moisture compared to solid wood planks.

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Whitely Street by Annika Rowson | Mudbrick Lusso Engineered Wood Flooring

Is engineered wood good quality?

Engineered wood is a high-quality product that offers excellent durability and performance. It is manufactured under strict standards and quality control processes to ensure consistency and reliability.

The core of engineered wood is made up of layers of wood veneers or high-density fibreboard that are cross-layered and bonded together using heat, pressure, and adhesives. This construction method results in a dimensionally stable and sturdy product that is less susceptible to warping, shrinking, or expanding compared to solid wood.

The top layer, or wear layer, is typically made of a high-quality hardwood veneer, such as European oak. This wear layer provides the desired aesthetic and can withstand significant foot traffic, making engineered wood suitable for high-traffic areas in residential and commercial settings.

The manufacturing process for engineered wood flooring involves advanced techniques and strict quality control measures to ensure that each plank meets the required standards for strength, dimensional stability, and resistance to moisture and environmental factors. The adhesives used in the construction are also carefully selected and tested to ensure long-lasting performance and durability.

Engineered wood is an excellent choice for flooring, wall and ceiling lining, joinery, furniture, and other applications where both aesthetic appeal and practical performance are desired.

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‍Perfect 10 x 10 by Patchwork Architecture | Custom European Oak Solid Wood Flooring

Which is better engineered wood or natural wood?

Engineered wood floors and natural wood floors both have their advantages and disadvantages when it comes to various applications. Natural wood, such as solid hardwood, is a classic choice for its natural beauty, warmth, and character. It can be sanded and refinished multiple times, making it a long-lasting option. However, solid wood is more susceptible to moisture damage, warping, and dimensional changes due to fluctuations in temperature and humidity.

On the other hand, engineered wood flooring is a layered product made by bonding layers of wood together with adhesives. The top layer, or veneer, is made of natural wood, while the core layers are composed of high-quality plywood or high-density fibreboard (HDF). This construction makes engineered wood flooring more dimensionally stable and resistant to moisture and temperature changes compared to solid wood. The thickness of the wear layer will affect the number of times it can be sanded and refinished.

Homes with either engineered or solid hardwood floors often have a higher resale value compared to those with other flooring types.

Applications:

• Engineered wood is commonly used for flooring, walls, and ceilings, particularly in areas that may have more temperature fluctuations.
• Solid wood is preferred for character flooring, trim work, and furniture where the traditional look and feel of solid wood are desired.

Cost Comparison:

The cost of engineered wood flooring and solid wood flooring can vary depending on the specific product and quality. In general, engineered wood tends to be more affordable than high-quality solid hardwood, especially for larger installations. However, lower-quality solid wood flooring can sometimes be less expensive than premium engineered wood flooring products.

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Is engineered wood better than MDF?

Engineered wood flooring and medium-density fibreboard (MDF) are two distinct types of wood products, each with its own unique composition, properties, and applications. Both engineered wood and MDF have their advantages and disadvantages, and the choice between them depends on the specific project requirements.

• ‍Composition - Engineered wood flooring is made by bonding together layers of wood veneers or planks with adhesives under heat and pressure. The layers are typically arranged in a cross-grain pattern, which enhances the strength and stability of the material. On the other hand, MDF is composed of wood fibres that are combined with wax and resin binders and compressed into dense panels.
• Durability - Engineered wood flooring is generally more durable and resistant to wear and tear than MDF. The cross-grain construction of engineered wood makes it less susceptible to warping, cracking, or splitting over time. MDF, while dense, can be more prone to denting, chipping, or crumbling when subjected to heavy impact or moisture.
• Moisture Resistance - Engineered wood flooring is typically more moisture resistant than MDF, particularly if it is properly sealed or finished. The layered construction and the use of waterproof adhesives in engineered wood flooring help prevent moisture penetration and swelling. MDF, on the other hand, is more susceptible to moisture damage, as the wood fibres can swell and break down when exposed to high humidity or water.
• Applications - Engineered wood is widely used in various applications, including flooring, wall and ceiling linings. Its dimensional stability and resistance to warping make it a popular choice for these applications. MDF, due to its smooth and uniform surface, is often used for shelving, cabinet doors, and other applications where a flat, paintable surface is desired. MDF is also commonly used as a core in veneer panels for joinery. MDF is generally not recommended for high-moisture areas or outdoor use.

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Is engineered wood the same as plywood?

Similarities

Both engineered wood flooring and plywood are engineered wood products made from layers of wood veneers or solid wood. They offer greater dimensional stability and resistance to warping compared to solid wood planks. Engineered wood flooring and plywood are versatile materials used in various applications, including furniture, cabinetry, flooring, and construction.

Differences

• Engineered wood typically consists of a solid or plywood core with a hardwood veneer top layer, while plywood is made entirely of thin wood veneers glued together in alternating directions. Engineered wood is designed to mimic the look and feel of solid hardwood, whereas plywood has a more utilitarian appearance.
• Plywood is generally less expensive than engineered wood, making it a more budget-friendly option for certain projects. Engineered wood, on the other hand, is often considered a premium product and can be more expensive, especially when using exotic or high-quality hardwood veneers.

Applications

• Engineered wood is primarily used for flooring, wall, and ceiling lining applications where a solid hardwood appearance is desired but with added stability and resistance to moisture and temperature changes. It is a popular choice for residential and commercial settings.
• Plywood, with its sturdy and versatile nature, is widely used in construction, furniture making, and various DIY projects. It is a common material for structural applications, such as sheathing, subfloors, and concrete formwork, as well as for creating cabinets, shelving, and other woodworking projects.

While both engineered wood flooring and plywood share some similarities in their engineered construction, they differ in their composition, appearance, cost, and primary use cases. Engineered wood is optimized for aesthetic appeal and stability, while plywood is a more cost-effective and versatile material suitable for a wide range of construction and woodworking projects.

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What are the negatives of engineered wood?

While engineered wood offers several advantages, it also has some drawbacks and limitations that should be considered.

One of the main disadvantages is that in some cases it cannot be sanded and refinished as many times as solid hardwood flooring. The wear layer can be anywhere from 2mm to 6mm, so this still allows it to be sanded and refinished however care must be taken as excessive sanding can penetrate through to the lower layers.

Another potential issue with engineered wood is its vulnerability to moisture and humidity. Excessive exposure can cause damage. However, this is the case with most building materials when exposed to water or high humidity levels.

Engineered wood flooring may also be prone to gapping or separating between planks, particularly in environments with significant temperature humidity fluctuations through the different seasons. This can be mitigated by proper installation and acclimatisation, but it remains a potential issue.

Additionally, while engineered wood is generally more dimensionally stable than solid hardwood, it can still expand and contract due to changes in temperature and humidity. This can lead to issues such as buckling, cupping, or crowning if not properly installed or maintained.

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Dry River Residence by Workshop Designs | Custom Mudbrick Chevron Engineered Wood Flooring

How long does engineered wood last?

Engineered wood flooring is known for its durability and long lifespan, making it an excellent choice. The lifespan of engineered wood can vary depending on several factors, such as the quality of materials used, the manufacturing process, and the level of care and maintenance it receives.

One of the key advantages of engineered wood is its durability. Unlike solid wood, which can expand and contract significantly due to changes in humidity, engineered wood is designed to be more stable and less prone to warping, cupping, or cracking. This stability contributes to its longevity, as it reduces the risk of damage caused by environmental factors.

When properly installed and maintained, high-quality engineered wood flooring can last for decades, often up to 50 years or more. However, it's important to note that the wear layer, which is the top layer of hardwood veneer, plays a crucial role in determining the overall lifespan. Thicker wear layers, typically ranging from 2 to 6mm, offer better resistance to scratches, dents, and general wear and tear, extending the lifespan of the flooring. Having a thicker wear layer also allows the floor to be sanded and refinished more times.

Proper maintenance is also essential for maximising the lifespan of an engineered wood floor. Regular cleaning, using appropriate cleaning solutions and methods, can help prevent the buildup of dirt and grime, which can cause premature wear and tear. Additionally, placing protective mats or rugs in high-traffic areas and avoiding excessive exposure to direct sunlight can help preserve the appearance and integrity of the flooring.

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Is engineered wood cheap?

Engineered wood flooring offers an excellent value proposition for homeowners looking for an affordable alternative to solid hardwood flooring.

While the initial investment in engineered wood flooring may be higher than laminate or carpet, it adds significant value to your home and can pay off in the long run. Engineered wood is durable, easy to maintain, and can last for decades with proper care, making it a cost-effective choice for homeowners who prioritise long-term value over upfront costs.

When considering the cost of engineered wood flooring, it's essential to factor in the quality of the product, the thickness of the top veneer layer, and the overall construction. Higher end engineered wood floors with thicker wear layers and more durable cores will typically cost more but offer better performance and longevity.

For those on a tight budget, there are budget-friendly engineered wood floor options available, but it's crucial to strike a balance between cost and quality.

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Does engineered wood scratch easily? And is engineered wood waterproof?

Engineered wood flooring is designed to be more resistant to scratches and water damage compared to traditional solid hardwood flooring. The layered construction provides enhanced durability. However, the level of scratch and water resistance depends on the specific product and finish applied.

The top layer any wood product is susceptible to scratches from heavy furniture, pet nails, or abrasive debris. To minimise scratches, engineered wood floors have a factory-applied finish that is designed to create a protective layer. These finishes can withstand daily wear and tear better than traditional on-site applied coatings.

Regarding water resistance, the multi-ply core of engineered wood is less prone to warping or swelling when exposed to moisture compared to solid hardwood. However, prolonged exposure to standing water or excessive humidity can still cause the wood to swell and potentially delaminate. Proper maintenance, including quickly wiping up spills and maintaining optimal indoor humidity levels, is essential to prevent water damage for any wood floor.

Some engineered wood products are specifically designed with enhanced water-resistant cores and waterproof surface treatments, making them suitable for kitchens, powder rooms and laundries.

While engineered wood is more resistant to scratches and water damage than other alternatives, like any wood product it is not completely impervious. Proper installation, care and maintenance, and the selection of appropriate finishes for the intended use can help maximise imperviousness of engineered wood floors.

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Is engineered wood better than laminate? And what is the difference?

Engineered wood and laminate flooring are two popular choices for homeowners seeking affordable and attractive flooring options. However, they differ significantly in terms of composition, appearance, durability, and potential resale value.

• ‍Composition: Engineered wood features a top layer of real hardwood bonded to a core of high-quality plywood or high-density fibreboard, providing stability and dimensional integrity.
  Laminate flooring consists of a high-density fibreboard or plastic core with a printed photographic layer, mimicking the appearance of natural wood or stone, topped with a clear protective coating.‍
• Appearance: Engineered wood has a more natural and authentic look compared to laminate. It features a real wood top layer that captures the beauty and character of real wood, including visible grains and textures.
  Laminate, on the other hand, has a printed design layer that mimics the appearance of wood, it has a smoother surface but lacks the depth and variation of natural wood.‍
• Installation: Both engineered wood and laminate flooring are relatively easy to install. Engineered wood flooring is either glued down or floated depending on the profile system used, it can also be installed over various subfloors, including concrete, plywood, and existing floors. While laminate is a floating floor system that clicks and locks together, with more restrictions on subfloor types. ‍
• Durability: Engineered wood is generally more durable than laminate. The solid wood top layer makes it more resistant to scratches, dents, and wear compared to the printed surface of laminate. However, both materials can be damaged by excessive moisture or standing water if not properly maintained.
  Laminate flooring is scratch-resistant and moisture-resistant, but its surface can be susceptible to chipping or peeling over time, especially in high-traffic areas.‍
• Cost: The cost of engineered wood and laminate can vary greatly depending on the quality, brand, and features. Generally, mid-range to high-end engineered wood tends to be more expensive than laminate, but both materials offer options at various price points. Laminate is often considered a more budget-friendly alternative, while engineered wood provides a balance between cost and natural wood characteristics.‍
• Resale Value: Engineered wood flooring is often viewed as a more valuable and desirable option by home buyers, as it features real hardwood and can potentially increase a property's resale value. Whereas laminate flooring is a more budget-friendly option but may not provide the same resale value.

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How can you tell if wood is engineered?

One way to identify engineered wood is by looking at the cross-section view. Engineered floors typically have a core made of high-quality plywood or composite wood, with the hardwood veneer layer on top. This layered cross-section is visible from the sides or ends of the planks.

Engineered floors may also have bevelled or square edges and tongue-and-groove milling for easy installation. Visually inspecting the edges and ends can reveal the layered construction and veneer thickness, helping to differentiate engineered wood from solid hardwood planks.

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Do you use underlay with engineered wood flooring?

Using underlay beneath engineered wood floors serves several important purposes. It can provide a moisture barrier to protect the floors from moisture vapour coming up from the subfloor. It can also help to level out minor subfloor imperfections, and always provides a layer of cushioning and sound insulation.

For engineered floors, the recommended underlay options include:

• Foam underlay with a built-in moisture barrier
• Rubber underlay
• Cork underlay

For floating engineered floors, the underlay provides an essential buffer between the floors and subfloor. With glue down installations, an underlay helps protect against moisture and provides some noise insulation benefits as well.

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Does engineered wood flooring need to be glued?

Engineered wood floors can be installed using two main methods: glue-down or floating. The glue-down method involves applying adhesive to the subfloor and securing the engineered planks directly to it. This installation creates an incredibly stable and seamless look. Floating floors, on the other hand, are installed without adhesive by clicking and locking the planks together.

The glue down method is recommended for all Tongue and Groove profiles, and the floating method is recommended for Click System profiles. However, some Click System profiles may be suitable for glue down installation.

For glue-down installations, we recommend using our WoodClinic Wood Flooring Adhesive specifically designed for our engineered flooring products. These elastomeric adhesives allow some flexibility as the wood expands and contracts slightly with changes in humidity and temperature.

When gluing down, it's crucial to prepare the subfloor correctly, ensuring it is level, clean, and free of any debris that could interfere with adhesion. For concrete slabs, a moisture barrier like our WoodClinic Vapour Barrier may be necessary to protect against moisture vapor transmission from the slab. This prevents issues like cupping, crowning, or buckling of the wood later on. It is also critical that the subfloor is level before installation. For concrete slabs that require levelling, a self-levelling compound like our Kiesel Servoplan Ki1 may be necessary to correct the issue.

While floating floors are suitable for most situations, the glue-down method is highly recommended for areas with potentially high moisture levels, such as kitchens, powder rooms, laundries, or basements. It also provides a more robust installation for high-traffic areas or large, open floor plans where extra stability is desired.

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St Heliers Residence by Palm Springs Interior Design | Amazon Wide Engineered Wood Flooring

Where should engineered wood not be used?

Engineered wood flooring is not recommended for moisture-prone areas such as bathrooms, or spaces with excessive humidity. The layered construction makes it susceptible to warping, cupping, or delamination when exposed to prolonged moisture or water exposure.

Outdoor/Exterior applications are also not suitable for engineered wood floors.

Basements are generally discouraged unless the area is completely dry and has an appropriate moisture barrier installed along with proper ventilation and consistent temperatures. The cooler temperatures and higher humidity levels in basements can lead to issues with expansion, contraction, and potential water damage.

Environments with extreme seasonal fluctuations in temperature and humidity should also be avoided. The wood layers can expand and contract excessively, resulting in gaps, cracks, or buckling decreasing the lifespan of the product. Engineered floors perform best in climate-controlled, stable indoor settings.

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Alternative Flooring Options

• Luxury Vinyl Plank (LVP) is a popular alternative to engineered wood. LVP is extremely durable, waterproof, and can mimic the look of wood or tile. It's an ideal choice for high moisture areas like bathrooms and basements. LVP flooring is relatively affordable, however, LVP lacks the authentic look and feel of real wood.
• Tile flooring offers exceptional durability and water resistance. Tile is ideal for bathrooms, laundry rooms, and entryways prone to moisture exposure. Tile costs vary greatly based on material and size. While extremely durable, tile can be cold underfoot and unforgiving if items are dropped on it.
• Cork flooring provides a warm, resilient surface made from sustainable materials. Cork is comfortable underfoot, helps reduce sound, and has natural antimicrobial properties. However, cork can be susceptible to dents, scratches, and fading from sunlight over time and extremely susceptible to moisture.
• Bamboo flooring is an eco-friendly wood alternative with comparable durability to hardwood. Bamboo is a rapidly renewable resource and highly resilient once installed. Potential downsides include potential denting, scratching, and fading from UV exposure over years.‍

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How to care for Engineered Floors

Engineered wood floors are designed to be low maintenance, but proper care is still required to keep them looking their best. Regular cleaning using a vacuum or dry mop is recommended to remove dust and dirt. For deeper cleaning, use a wood floor cleaner specifically designed for engineered floors and a damp mop. Avoid excessive water, which can seep through the joints and damage the core layers.

Light scratches can often be buffed out using a wood floor repair kit. For deeper scratches or dents, wood putty or wax filler can be used to fill in the damaged area.

Taking preventative measures like using felt pads under furniture legs, removing shoes at entryways, and cleaning up spills promptly can help maximise the lifespan of your engineered wood floors.

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